Campus during the Civil War
During the Civil War, our institution was called East Tennessee University and three buildings called Old College, East College, and West College stood on the Hill where Ayres Hall stands today. The war lasted from 1861 to 1865, but campus didn’t close until the second year. The Confederate Army was in control of Knoxville at first, and wounded soldiers occupied some campus buildings. In the fall of 1863, the Union Army took control of Knoxville, built fortifications including one on the Hill called Fort Byington, and defeated the Confederates in the Battle of Fort Sanders. The neighborhood across Cumberland Avenue from campus is named after Fort Sanders and includes the site where the fort stood. The Union Army used campus as a hospital and barracks for the wounded, but their occupation also caused a great deal of damage. The troops denuded the grounds of trees, ruined the steward’s house which served as a dining hall, and destroyed the gymnasium with misdirected cannon fire. After the Civil War ended in 1865, the Union Army left campus. The university reopened in 1866 and operated for six months downtown in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum while repairs began at the damaged campus. In 1874, the university administration finally received $18,500 from the federal government for aid given to the Union during the war.
Ayres Hall
Ayres Hall, a four-story brick and limestone structure completed in 1921, is UT’s most recognized academic building. It took the place of West College, Old College, and East College, which had served as the university’s principal buildings for more than a century. Ayres Hall is named for UT’s 12th president, Brown Ayres, who helped plan its construction using UT’s first $1 million appropriation from the state of Tennessee. The construction project still lacked funds, however, and some elements of the original design such as the clock faces on the bell tower, a plaza on the north side of the building, and a wing on the southeast side of the building were omitted.
In 1950, Chi Omega Sorority gave UT the first set of Westminster Chimes to sound from the bell tower in honor of their 50th anniversary on campus. The chimes ceased to function in 1980, and components were stolen in 1982. The Class of 1991 replaced the chimes as their senior gift.
Although an elevator was installed in 1983 and a few other alterations were made to Ayres Hall, the building gradually deteriorated. Eventually the fourth floor was closed due to safety concerns.
In 2008, Ayres Hall closed for a $23 million renovation project. The building reopened in 2010 with a north-side plaza, clock faces on the bell tower, updated flooring and fixtures, new energy efficient windows and lights, a new heating and cooling system, and additional elevators. The renovation maintained the original grandeur of the building and preserved many original construction materials. It also enhanced the building’s energy efficiency, earning a LEED Silver certification.
Ayres Hall, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012, has a checkerboard brick pattern that has inspired many other UT checkerboard designs.
South College
South College, the oldest building on campus, was built in 1872 as a dormitory and campus armory for East Tennessee University. It housed 96 students in 24 rooms, with four to a room.
In 1875, gaslights replaced the fireplaces and oil lamps. Telephones were installed in 1883. South College was converted from a dormitory into classrooms and meeting halls in 1890. The building got electricity and steam heating in 1908.
South College was spared at least three times following demolition proposals. Although little remains of the original interior, the facade was restored in 1989 to resemble the style designed by architect A.C. Bruce.
Over the course of its existence, South College has been home to the president’s office, portions of the Summer School of the South, the Law Department, German Department, Public Relations Department, Psychology Department, Physics Department, the University Extension, the UT Bookstore, the post office, the first campus radio station, the Science Alliance, and Ray’s Place restaurant.