The University of Vermont

Search

Table of Contents

Tours

1. Tree Tour

   Explore the trees on the UVM Green!

   Stops

   1. Ginkgo Tree

      Ginkgo 

      Ginkgo biloba 

       

      The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba) is the most ancient tree species found on the University of Vermont campus. Often called a “living fossil,” fossils of ginkgo leaves have been discovered that date back to 170 million years ago, and they are almost identical to the leaves we see today. Individual trees can also survive for millennia: some ginkgo trees are estimated to be over 4,000 years old. 

      Ginkgo trees can grow in a wide range of climates – including Vermont’s bitter cold winters – and tolerate shade, survive freezing temperatures, and withstand urban environments. They’re also naturally resistant to fungi, pests, and fire. The tree’s bark is grayish-brown and develops deeper ridges as it ages. One of the easiest ways to identify a ginkgo is by its distinctive, fan-shaped leaves. The leaves, which are bright green in summer before turning yellow in the fall, are typically about 2–3 inches wide and are attached to branches by long stalks. After flaunting these vivid colors, the ginkgo then loses its leaves all at once over a 24-hour period.  

      Ginkgoes are among the 5% of trees from around the world that are dioecious, meaning the individual trees are either male or female. Female trees produce small fruit-like seeds that contain a strong-smelling outer layer, often described as unpleasant. Because of this odor, many urban plantings favor male ginkgo trees. 

      The ginkgo has a long history of cultural and symbolic importance, especially throughout Asia. The fan-shaped leaf has been widely used in art and design and is often associated with peace, hope, vitality, love, and balance. In Hiroshima, Japan, one ginkgo tree remains a symbol of resilience after surviving nuclear bombing in 1945 during World War II. 

      For centuries, extracts and supplements made from ginkgo leaves have also been used in traditional Chinese medicine for their potential effects on memory, cognitive function, circulation, and conditions such as dementia, memory impairment, cerebral insufficiency, and tinnitus. 

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   2. Norway Spruce

      Norway Spruce 

      Picea abies 

       

      The Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a tall, evergreen conifer known for its ability to thrive in cold climates and withstand harsh winter conditions. Locally evolved into northern and central Europe, this species has become widely planted throughout North America because of its adaptability, rapid growth, and usefulness.  

      One of the most recognizable features of the Norway spruce is its branching structure. The tree develops whorled branches, meaning branches grow in circular patterns around the trunk. Lower branches often hang downward loosely, while upper branches extend upward toward the sky. This structure helps the tree survive heavy snowfall because the flexible branches can bend under the weight of snow rather than breaking.  

      Norway spruces can survive for around 200 years in favorable conditions. They can grow into large, impressive trees with a classic conical shape, making them popular choices for parks, campuses, and landscapes. Their evergreen needles provide year-round greenery and important habitat for birds and other wildlife. 

      Beyond its ecological value, the Norway spruce has been an important tree for human use. The timber does not shrink significantly as it dries, and it is desirable because it is strong, lightweight, and easy to work with. Historically, Norway spruce wood has been used to create fuel, ship masts, rowboats, oars, fence posts, poles, baskets, packaging boxes, and even matchsticks. 

      The tree also plays a role in music. The wood from Norway spruce is commonly used to make soundboards for guitars and other stringed instruments because it produces clear, resonant tones.  

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   3. Dawn Redwood

      Dawn Redwood 

      Metasequoia glyptostroboides 

       

      The dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) was once thought to have gone extinct nearly 60 million years ago. Fossil records show that this tree species existed alongside dinosaurs, but scientists believed it had disappeared until living specimens were discovered in China less than a century ago.  

      In 1943, trees found growing in China were mistakenly classified as a member of the Glyptostrobus genus before scientists recognized them as a unique species, the dawn redwood. This was considered one of the most important botanical discoveries of the 20th century, because it revealed that an ancient species had survived into the modern era. 

      After the rediscovery of the dawn redwood, the Metasequoia Natural Reserve and Original Trees Management Station was established in Xiaohe, China in 1973, to help preserve some of the oldest remaining dawn redwood populations. 

      Unlike many conifers, the dawn redwood is deciduous, meaning it loses its needles each fall. Its soft, feathery green foliage turns reddish-brown before dropping in autumn. The tree has a tall, straight trunk and can grow into a large, impressive specimen, making it a popular ornamental tree in parks, campuses, and botanical gardens. 

      The dawn redwood is well adapted to cold climates and can tolerate temperatures as low as -28°C (-18°F). However, it requires a reliable water supply to thrive. Unlike many large trees, dawn redwoods do not develop very deep root systems, which can make them more vulnerable during drought conditions. In Vermont, increasing periods of dry weather can create challenges for these trees, especially as climate patterns continue to shift. The UVM Extension Forestry Program provides science-based information and aims to help people make informed decisions as forests face challenges like climate change. 

      Warmer temperatures, drought, and reduced environmental diversity have contributed to declines in the tree’s reproductive success. Many dawn redwoods outside of their original habitat in Xiaohe, China, struggle to produce healthy seedlings that survive into mature trees. Without successful reproduction, the species faces an increased risk of becoming endangered again.  

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   4. American Elm

      American Elm 

      Ulmus americana 

       

      The American elm (Ulmus americana) was once one of the most iconic trees in the United States and played an important role in the history of the University of Vermont campus. The UVM Green was originally populated with white pines, then it was cleared for sheep pasture and eventually surrounded by a ring of student-planted American elms. 

      Unfortunately, these trees were lost after the arrival of Dutch Elm Disease, a devastating fungal disease that spread through American elm populations.  

      By 1960, the elms on the Green had declined and were removed. 

      After the loss of the American elms, UVM grounds manager Dick Streeter redesigned the landscape by creating a more park-like setting with a greater diversity of tree species. This change helped shape the variety of trees seen across campus today and reflects the importance of biodiversity in protecting landscapes from future tree diseases. UVM also offers Vermonters resources in identifying and management of tree diseases through the Plant Diagnostic Clinic.  

      American elms are known for their distinctive vase-shaped growth pattern. Their trunks spread outward into a broad, arching canopy. The tree becomes wide and full at the top, while narrowing closer to the trunk, creating the classic “V” shape that once defined many streets and campuses across the country. 

      The bark of the American elm is typically brownish-gray and develops a textured pattern as the tree matures. Younger trees often have straighter, flatter ridges, while older trees develop deeper, more intertwined bark patterns. 

      The leaves of the American elm are another identifying feature. They have an asymmetrical base, meaning one side of the leaf connects to the stem slightly higher than the other. The edges are sharply serrated, and visible veins extend from the center of the leaf toward the outer edges. In autumn, the leaves shift into shades of gold, yellow, and chartreuse before falling. 

      In spring, American elms produce small flowers that are often creamy brown or reddish in color. Unlike many showy flowers, elm flowers do not have petals. Instead, they grow on long stems attached directly to twigs and appear in clusters before the tree produces seeds. 

      The decline of the American elm is one of the most significant examples of a tree disease outbreak in North American history. Dutch Elm Disease was caused by a fungus spread by invasive elm bark beetles that arrived in imported wood in the 1930s. The disease spread quickly, eventually killing an estimated 77–100 million American elms across the country. 

      Today, American elms remain an important species in conservation efforts. Scientists and arborists continue to work on developing disease-resistant varieties, so future generations can experience these historic trees.  

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   5. Star Magnolia

      Star Magnolia 

      Magnolia Stellata 

       

      The star magnolia (Magnolia stellata) is a small ornamental tree. It’s one of the first trees to flower after winter and produces flowers ranging from pure white to soft pink. These have around 12 narrow petals and a star-like appearance, hence the tree’s name. The blooms are slightly fragrant and open in early spring, often attracting attention from pollinators when few other flowers are available.  

      The star magnolia belongs to one of the oldest groups of flowering plants on Earth. Their ancestors existed millions of years ago, before many modern flowering plant families developed. Today, the magnolia family is one of the last remaining examples of these early flowering lineages, making the star magnolia a living connection to Earth’s botanical history. 

      Originally from Honshu Island, Japan, the star magnolia has long been valued for its beauty and cultural significance. The tree typically grows as a rounded shrub or small tree, making it a popular choice for gardens, campuses, and landscapes. Beyond its ornamental value, magnolia species have also been connected to traditional medicine. In some cultures, parts of the tree have been used in remedies for conditions involving inflammation, including joint discomfort and arthritis-related issues. Researchers are exploring the compounds found in magnolia species for therapeutic applications and their anti-stress, anti-anxiety, and anti-depressant effects. 

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   6. Hybrid English Oak

      Hybrid English Oak 

       

      The hybrid English oak is a cultivated oak variety that combines the desirable traits of different oak species, including the well-known English oak (Quercus robur), and is known for its urban tolerance. Other oak species included are the white oak for mildew resistance, bur oak for fast-growth, and the swamp white oak for its adaptability and narrow shade. In cities, compacted soil, pollution, limited space and wide temperature ranges can make for difficult growing conditions, but hybrid English oak can handle these stresses better than many other species. It’s able to stay healthy in developed areas, like Burlington.  

      Because of their size, sturdy structure, and dense foliage, hybrid English oaks are also commonly planted as windbreaks. Their broad canopies help slow wind movement and provide shelter in open or exposed areas. 

      Like other oak trees, the hybrid English oak is a long-lived species known for its strength and ecological value. They provide important habitat and food sources for wildlife, including birds, insects, and mammals. Their acorns support many species and contribute to the health of surrounding ecosystems. 

      The presence of a hybrid English oak on campus reflects the important role trees play in adapting landscapes to human environments. This tree demonstrates how thoughtful planting choices can create greener, more resilient spaces while supporting both people and wildlife. And at UVM, students can explore these concepts through opportunities like the Horticulture Club, the Landscape Design Club and the Agriculture, Landscape, and Environment Department in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. 

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   7. Sugar Maple

      Sugar Maple 

      Acer Saccharum 

       

      The sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is one of the most iconic trees of Vermont and a defining species of the northeastern forest landscape. Known for its brilliant fall colors and its role in maple syrup production, the sugar maple has both ecological and cultural importance. It belongs to the Sapindaceae family, which includes around 120 species of trees and shrubs. Of those species, 13 evolved locally in North America, including seven in Vermont. 

      The sugar maple is a large deciduous tree, meaning it loses its leaves each winter. This seasonal leaf loss is an important adaptation, especially in northern climates. During winter, groundwater often becomes frozen, making it difficult for trees to take up water. By dropping their leaves, sugar maples reduce water loss and conserve energy until conditions improve in the spring. 

      One of the most recognizable features of the sugar maple is its bark. Young trees have smoother, grayish-brown bark, while older trees develop vertical plates separated by deep cracks, or fissures. The tree’s twigs are smooth and reddish-brown, with three sharply pointed terminal buds at the ends. 

      The leaves of the sugar maple are large, usually around 3–5 inches long, with the familiar lobed appearance associated with maple trees. Sugar maples have an opposite growth pattern, meaning leaves grow directly across from one another on the twig rather than alternating sides. In autumn, these leaves transform into some of the most spectacular colors found in Vermont forests, shifting from bright yellow to orange and deep red before falling. 

      The sugar maple is closely connected to Vermont’s identity through the tradition of maple sugaring. Each spring, when night stays cold but daytime temperatures reach around 40–45°F, people collect sap through tree taps. The sap is then boiled down to create maple syrup, a practice that has long been part of northeastern culture – for the Indigenous peoples for whom this has always been home, and for the settlers who arrived much more recently.   

      At UVM, students have started the Maple Club, and the university is home to Proctor Maple Research Center, the oldest maple research station in the world. That research gets disseminated to maple producers through UVM Extension. 

      Beyond syrup production, sugar maples are valuable timber trees. Their wood is light in color, often nearly white, and can be sanded to create a smooth, attractive finish. The strong, fine-grained wood is used for products such as furniture, flooring, and other woodworking projects. 

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   8. Red Oak

      Red Oak 

      Quercus rubra 

       

      The red oak (Quercus rubra), also known as the northern red oak, is a large tree known for its strength, rapid growth, and brilliant autumn foliage. Red oaks often grow 2 feet per year for the first 10 years. Some red oaks can live for several hundred years, connecting present landscapes with generations of history. Red oaks are large deciduous trees, meaning they lose their leaves each year. They can grow tall with broad, spreading crowns that provide shade and habitat for many species. Their strong branching structure allows them to withstand a variety of weather conditions, making them a reliable tree in both natural forests and managed landscapes. 

      The bark of the red oak changes as the tree ages. Younger trees often have smoother, grayish bark, while mature trees develop darker gray bark with long, flat ridges that form patterns along the trunk. These ridges help distinguish red oaks from other oak species. 

      The leaves of the red oak are one of its most recognizable features. They are typically 4–8 inches long and have pointed lobes with small, bristle-like tips. Unlike the rounded lobes of some other oak species, red oak leaves are sharper and more angular. In the fall, the leaves turn shades of deep red, russet, and brown, adding vibrant color to the landscape. 

      Like other oaks, red oaks produce acorns, which are an important food source for wildlife including squirrels, birds and deer. The tree also provides shelter and nesting sites, supporting biodiversity in the ecosystem. It supports a huge variety of caterpillars, moths, and butterflies. 

      Red oak wood is highly valued for its strength and durability. Its timber is used for furniture, flooring, cabinetry, and construction materials. The wood has a distinctive grain pattern and reddish color, making it popular for both structural and decorative uses. 

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   9. Eastern White Pine

      Eastern White Pine 

      Pinus Strobus 

       

      The white pine (Pinus strobus) is one of the most recognizable evergreen trees in northeastern North America. Often called the “tree of peace,” it has long held ecological, cultural, and historical significance across Canada and the United States. It evolved locally in both places. 

      White pines grow especially well in northern forests and are well-adapted to Vermont’s environment. While they prefer cool and moist conditions, they are not typically threatened by harsh winter weather.  They can become very large and long-lived, forming tall, straight trunks that rise above many other tree species. 

      The UVM Green was once largely populated with white pines. However, settlers cleared these trees in the early 19th century to use the land as sheep pasture. After this period, students and campus planners planted American elms, then more species later on, reshaping the landscape into the tree-dense, diverse green space seen today.  UVM has a long history of working with trees - ever since 1888, UVM has offered forestry courses, and the present-day Forestry program in UVM’s Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources is for students who are passionate about conserving and managing forest ecosystems for current and future generations. Students also run two clubs: Forestry Club and Femmes in Forestry.   

      White pines grow relatively slowly during their first 10 years, devoting energy to root establishment. Once established, however, they shoot up rapidly and can quickly become tall, dominant trees in the forest canopy. Their long lifespan and fast mature growth make them a key species in forest regeneration. 

      The tree has been widely used by people throughout history. White pine wood is soft, lightweight, and easy to work with, making it valuable for construction and manufacturing. It has been used for lumber, interior finishes, and even as a traditional choice for Christmas trees. 

      White pine also played an important role in early transportation and trade. Indigenous peoples have crafted large canoes from white pine logs that could carry up to 40 people, demonstrating the tree’s combination of strength and workability. During the period of European colonization, white pine became especially valuable for shipbuilding. Its tall, straight trunks became ship masts, which led to widespread harvesting. 

      The importance of white pine timber also contributed to political conflict. The British Crown restricted the use of large white pines for the Royal Navy, marking them for exclusive use as ship masts. This policy contributed to growing resentment in the American colonies and has been linked to the Pine Tree Riot of 1772, an event that historians often see as an early precursor to the Boston Tea Party and American Revolution. 

       

      - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   10. Tulip Tree

       Tulip Tree 

       Liriodendron tulipifera 

        

       The tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), also commonly called the tulip poplar, is one of the tallest and most distinctive hardwood trees in eastern North America. It is highly valued for its timber, ecological importance, and deep historical connections to early American history. 

       One of the most recognizable features of the tulip tree is its leaves, which are often described as resembling the outline of a tulip flower. They are typically 4–6 inches long and have four distinct lobes, giving them a smooth, symmetrical appearance that makes them easy to identify in the forest canopy. 

       The tree’s flowers are equally distinctive. They are large and tulip-shaped, with around nine green-to-yellow tepals and a noticeable orange band on the inner surface. The flowers often go unnoticed because they appear high in the canopy, but produce a sweet nectar attractive to both bees and people. After flowering, the tree produces cone-like fruit structures. Both flowers and fruits typically begin appearing when the tree reaches about 15–20 years of age. 

       The bark of the tulip tree changes significantly as it matures and rapidly grows upwards. Younger trees have relatively smooth bark, while older trees develop a dark gray-to-brown surface with deep vertical furrows and ridges running along the trunk. 

       The wood of the tulip tree is lightweight, straight-grained, and relatively easy to work with, making it one of the most valuable hardwoods in North America. It has historically been used for furniture, framing, interior woodwork, and carving. Indigenous peoples in the Appalachian region have used its straight, hollowed trunks to craft canoes. 

       In American history, the tulip tree has been associated with early national identity. George Washington planted a tulip tree at his estate in Mount Vernon, where it still stands today. The species also acted as a symbol of independence in parts of the 13 colonies, and Maryland State Archives notes how British forces targeted and removed some of these “Liberty Trees” during periods of colonial resistance. 

        

       - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27 

   11. Weeping Alaskan Cedar

       Weeping Alaskan Cedar 

       Cupressus nootkatensis 

        

       The weeping Alaskan cedar is a cultivated form of the Alaskan cedar (Cupressus nootkatensis), an evergreen conifer locally evolved in the cool, wet coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest. Despite its name, it is not a true cedar, but a member of the cypress family. It is often planted in landscaped and campus settings because of its graceful form, year-round greenery, and strong tolerance for cool, moist environments. 

       This tree is especially recognizable by its “weeping” growth habit, where branches droop downward in soft, flowing layers. This gives the tree a sculptural, almost waterfall-like appearance that stands out in contrast to more upright conifers. Its dense, feathery foliage is typically deep green and remains vibrant throughout the year, making it a valuable ornamental tree in all seasons. 

       Like other members of the Alaskan cedar species, this tree produces durable, rot-resistant wood. The wood has historically been valued for its strength and resistance to decay, making it useful in construction, especially in environments exposed to moisture. 

       This species can live for many centuries, with some individuals reaching great age and size in old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest. In cultivated landscapes, however, growth is typically slower and shaped by pruning or selective breeding to emphasize its ornamental “weeping” form. 

        

       - Written, researched and photographed by Staja Szukala '27